Track Order
Lifespan Of Honey Bees
Increased Aggression and Reduced Aversive Learning: Knowing The Causes Behind This Problem
What is Honey? Why Geohoney? 
Honey Worldwide 
Bees Also Dance And Dream: Some Interesting Facts About Them 
Facts About Honey Bee Queen 
Global Honey Statistics 
Significance Of Pollination In Beekeeping 
Hive Management in Beekeeping 
Honey & Beeswax Extraction in Beekeeping 
Honey Bee Queen in Beekeeping 
Difference Between Honeycombs & Bee Nests 
Polyfloral Honey 
Monofloral Honey 
Amazing Facts of Honey Bee 
Types of Honey Bees 
Plants & Flowers Producing True Honey 
Bee Keeping In Honey Business 
Honey Glossary 
Anotomy of Honey Bee 
Colonies of Honey Bee 
Honey Preservation: Best Practices That Keeps It Healthy For A Longer Time 
Undiscovered Secrets of World Best Honey 
Ways Of Attracting Honey Bees 
How To Protect Honey Bees in Beekeeping? 
Pollination by Honey Bees 
Fascinating Honey Bee Dance 
Honey Beekeeping Tips For Beginners 
Ancient Significance of Honey Bees 
Incredible Body Structure of Honey Bees 
Significance Of Honey Bee Garden 
Beekeeping in India 
Honey Bee Health Issues: Potential Reasons Of Bee Colony Collapse 
Details of Honey Bee Trap 
Best Plants For Honey Bees 
Honey Bee Farming 
Honey Bee Swarms 
Knowing The Adverse Impacts Of Climate Change On Flowering Plants And Bees 
Honey Bee Farming As A Hobby: A Great Step To Minimize The Decrease Of Honey Bee Population 
An Overview On Medicinal Benefits Of Raw Honey 
Fruitful Trees For The Lovely Bees That Help Producing The Best Honey 
Bee Honey: History Of This Natural Sweetener As Food, As Medicine & In Culture 
Complex Chemistry Behind Natures Best Superfood Honey 
Wonderful Facts About Honey Bees That Are Sure To Fascinate The Kids 
Monofloral Honey: 7 Best Types And Their Never-Ending Benefits 
Increased Aggression and Reduced Aversive Learning: Knowing The Causes Behind This Problem 
Everything About The Numerous Varieties Of Honey Available All Around The World & Their Holistic Benefits 
Becoming A Beekeeper Is A New Career Option To Protect The Little Bees & Ecosystem 
An All-Inclusive Guide To Learn How And Where To Build Up Your Own Honey Bee Colonies 
Apiculture – All You Need To Know About Its Importance In Human Lives 
The Apidae Family: Everything You Need To Know About This Honey Bees Specie 
Veterinary Diagnostic Of Honey Bee Diseases: A Valuable Approach To Save Little Pollinators 
Exploring The Amazing Honey Varieties Produced By Little Honey Bees 
Beekeeping As A Hobby: Myths That Are Must To Avoid 
Knowing How Caffeine Can Boost Bees Focus? 
Knowing Everything About The Fascinating Honey Bee Biology 
Types Of Bees - Diet, Habitat And Their Impact 
Honey Bees Have The Amazing Ability To Learn Odd & Even Numbers - Read More! 
Are Honey Bees Helping The Environment? Let's Know The Truth! 
Video Recordings Are A New Way Of Understanding Rare Honey Bee Behaviors 
Honey & Its Importance In Different World Religions 
Natural Honey - Its Neurological Effect Is Worth Knowing! 
Prevalence Of Honey Bees In Ancient Art & Human History 
Increasing Sickness Rate Of Wild Bumble Bees – What's The Key Factor? 
Bees Can Search And Remember Flowers Just Like Humans: Know How! 
Swarming Bees: What Is It All About And Are They Dangerous? 
Honey Bees Are In Love With Small Urban Gardens – Know Why? 
Himalayan Salt Lamps – A Detailed Info 
Bee Pollen - Composition, Uses and Benefits Of This Healthy Bee Product 
Buckwheat Honey - Know All About This Unique Flavored Honey 
Honey Bees - Diving Into The World Of Lovely Pollinators 
Royal Jelly - Surprising Health Benefits Of This Wonderful Bee Product 
What Is The Secret Behind The Hexagonal Shape Of Honeycomb Cells? 
Memory Formation In Bees – They Can Remember Exact Odors Soon After A Single Learning Experience 
Importance Of Social Networks In Studying Life Of The Honey Bees 
Uncovering The Hidden Superpowers Of Honey Bees 
What Is More Interesting Than Honey In A Beehive? 
African Beekeepers Teach Great Ways To Build Strong Bee Colonies 
How Bees And Birds Beneficial In Coffee Farming? 
Common Weed Killer – Good For Animals But Bad For The Bees! 
Asymmetrical Development Of Bees Wings Is Due To Climate Stress 
Environmental Threats And Concerns On Bees 
Bumble Bees Play With Toys and Might Even Enjoy It 
Social Distancing is now seen even in Honeybees 
Biodiversity and Habitat Quality affects Bee Health 
Introduction to Bee Venom Therapy: A General Overview of What Bee Venom Therapy is? 
Honey in Folklore and Mythology 
The Role of Carniolan Honey Bees in Agricultural Ecosystems 
How Honey Bees Communicate Through Chemical Signals 
Exploring the World of Himalayan Salt Lamps 
Bumble Bees Warm Up While Carrying Pollen 
Carpenter Bees Unearthing Intriguing Insights 
Mason Bee Detection and Qualities 
Characteristics of Africanized Honey Bees 
Propolis: The Power of Beekeeping 
Climate Change: A Work in Progress 
A Comprehensive Guide to the Tawny Mining Bee 
Bee-Friendly Farming Practices 
The Comprehensive Guide to Honeybee Diseases and Pests 
History of Honeybee Domestication 
Traditional and Modern Use of Raw Honey in Medicine 
Historical Insights and Potential Future of the Global Honey Industry 
The Bees Knees: Exploring Honey in the Digital Age 
Honeycombs Role in Rituals and Research 
Organic Sugar: Beyond Just a Sweetener Acacia Honey: Characterization Of This Popular Honey Based On Physicochemical Parameters And Chemometrics
Reading Time: 4 minutes, 59 seconds Post Views: 1582Acacia honey is one of the most popular honey varieties loved by people worldwide. While offering numerous medical and therapeutic benefits, it is the most common honey type sold in adulterated form by many commercial honey sellers due to rising demand. Romanian acacia honey is available in three forms: pure, directly adulterated, and indirectly adulterated. To get more insight about the characteristics of Romanian acacia honey, it was characterized and discriminated based on their physicochemical parameters.
Honey composition and properties can
be intensely affected by plant and topographical origin, environment, season,
harvesting time, handling and storage conditions. Because of its high cost and
restricted accessibility, honey is frequently subjected to adulteration. It can
be made either directly, for the most part by blending in with various cheap
sugar syrups (of sugar stick or beer, corn, rice, date, agave, inulin, reversed
glucose,sugar, fructose), or indirectly, by feeding the honey bees with various
sugars. The demand for pure, organic & raw honey has increased these days.
In this specific circumstance, observing the most effective methods to detect
honey adulteration is a vital issue.
Generally, honey adulteration is
detected by measurement of applicable physicochemical parameters [e.g.,
dampness, debris, proline, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), reducing sugar (RS)
and non-reducing sugar (NRS) substance, electrical conductivity, diastase
movement (DA), free acidity (FA), pH, rheological parameters. These targeted
scientific strategies, which are usually performed by applying conventional
science techniques, imply sample preparation to separate a compound/a group of
compounds to decide its concentration. Progressed methods dependent on
electrochemical examination, flow injection analysis, biosensors (e.g.,
e-tongue, e-nose), differential scanning calorimetry, gas and liquid
chromatography (GC-FID, HPLC), mass spectrometry (GC–MS, LC–MS, IRMS), NMR and
infrared (NIR, FT-IR, and Raman) spectroscopy have been developed during the
last three decades for the detection of honey adulterants. Every technique used
to detect adulteration enjoys its particular benefits and impediments.
Conventional physicochemical analysis usually has high sensitivity and selectivity.
They are habitually used in the honey trade, although some of them are
relatively tedious and require complex gear.
Romania, an important honey producer
and exporter in Europe, has an annual output of over 20,000 t in recent years,
half of which is exported. Lime, acacia, sunflower, rape, and polyfloral honey
varieties are liked by the Romanian people. Researchers have published a paper
aiming to evaluate the ability of physicochemical analysis methods and
chemometrics to differentiate between pure and adulterated Romanian acacia
honey.
The research was carried out in a
joint effort with a beekeeper from Vâlcea province of Romania, who consented to
take an interest in the review with 12 hives (H1–H12), every one of them
containing three colonies of Apis mellifera carpatica. As a result, three
acacia honey types were prepared and investigated, i.e., pure or unadulterated
(P), indirectly (I) adulterated by honey bee who were fed with sugar syrups,
and directly (D) adulterated by blending Phoney with similar syrups.
Physiochemical Analysis –
Physicochemical parameters as far as moisture content, FA, RS content, ash content, sucrose content, DA, and HMF content were determined dependent on Romanian standard SR 784-340. This standard was harmonized with Official strategies for the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) investigation and Harmonized techniques for the European honey commission.
Statistical Analysis –
Univariate (single direction ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA and LDA) examinations of physicochemical parameters were performed utilizing Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc) and XLSTAT 2019.1 (Excel). A normalized information matrix with 23 lines (number of tests) and eight segments (number of physicochemical boundaries) containing autoscaled variable qualities was utilized in PCA. To acquire the proper prescient characterization, in LDA, the examples were partitioned dependent on a determination calculation into a preparation set comprising of 16 examples and an approval set containing seven
examples (one example of each honey kind, i.e., P, D1–D3, I1–I3).
Results –
Moisture content is an applicable parameter as it influences the consistency, thickness, taste, flavour, colour, crystallization, and ageing of honey. High water content can speed up the crystallization as it produces ageing during storage.
Ash or mineral substance is a marker influencing the colour and kind of honey. Usually, the honey with higher ash content is darker in colour and more robust in flavour.
FA is principal because of the presence of natural acids in harmony with lactones or interior esters and inorganic particles, e.g., chloride, sulfate, phosphate, and it can intensely impact the honey taste. An increment in FA can happen over the long haul as an impact of acid development (e.g., gluconic corrosive from glucose, formic and levulinic acids from HMF) just as on account of ageing.
Adulteration prompted an expansion in water content (by around 10%), FA (7 times), sucrose content (2.6 and 1.7 times for I and D examples, individually), HMF content (around 25 and 18 times for I and D examples, separately), also a diminishing in RS content (by around 10%) and DA (2.8 and 2.1 times for I and D examples, individually) than the mean worth of P
tests. For the kinds and measurements of sugar syrups utilized in this review, indirect adulteration had impacts like those produced by direct adulteration. The values of DA, HMF, sucrose, and RS substance for D and I honey examples were not inside the ranges imposed by the national standard.
Additionally, the assessment of physicochemical parameters utilizing PCA and LDA was exceptionally successful to separate between unadulterated, indirectly and directly adulterated honey. In light of the physicochemical parameters as far as DA, HMF, sucrose, and RS substance, any example of acacia honey could be classified as pure, directly or indirectly adulterated using classification functions obtained by applying LDA. According
to Mr. Basem Barry, founder & CEO of Geohoney, the review has a few limitations, e.g., a few acacia honey examples, general comparability (all coming from the same producers and being delivered within a few months). The investigation could be broadened using various examples of different kinds of honey gathered from a few producers over a more drawn-out period.
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